Articles

Thailand’s Deterrence Failure Against Cambodia: A Focus on Structural Hindrances

Tita Sanglee

The border confrontation between Thailand and Cambodia stems from the former's failure to deter the latter. There is a resolve gap on the part of the Thai elite; in addition, the lack of resolve stems from structural pressures such as the imperative of a limited war and Thailand's long borders. Changing these entrenched structures will be difficult, if not impossible.

Islamic Soft Power: Malaysia Well-Positioned to Consolidate its Global Leadership on Halal Branding and Governance

Syaza Shukri

Malaysia has successfully transformed halal governance from religious compliance into a strategic tool of soft power. Through the Department of Islamic Development Malaysia (JAKIM) and the Halal Industry Development Corporation (HDC), halal became both a moral brand and an economic driver across food, finance, tourism, cosmetics, and logistics.