The SEA-LION Can Roar: Enhancing Large Language Models’ Inclusivity
Cha Hae Won
Large Language Models have taken the world by storm, but they have vulnerabilities when it comes to inherent bias and inability to capture contextual nuances.

Cha Hae Won
Large Language Models have taken the world by storm, but they have vulnerabilities when it comes to inherent bias and inability to capture contextual nuances.
Nuurrianti Jalli
The power of social media companies, if unchecked, poses a danger to democratic institutions. The failure to moderate online content can fuel real-world violence and deepen societal divisions. Coordinated regional and global efforts are crucial to ensure consistent and effective standards for social media governance.
Maria Monica Wihardja|Sherry Tao Kong
China’s purported industrial overcapacity is a double-edged sword for Southeast Asian economies.
William Choong|Joanne Lin
Among ASEAN dialogue partners, Japan has been recognised as a “courteous power” that aligns well with Southeast Asian cultural norms and values. Beyond that, Japan has emerged as the most trusted and strategically relevant middle power to ASEAN. This positions it to play a greater security role in the region.
A'an Suryana|Syafiq Hasyim
Whether they were made use of or knew what they were doing, the actions of five young Nadhlatul Ulama members during their recent trip to Israel have stirred up a hornet’s nest.
Hoang Thi Ha|Cha Hae Won
This article contextualises Southeast Asian countries within the Global South discourse, examining where they align with the characteristics generally associated with the Global South and where they diverge.
Irene Ng
William Choong, Fulcrum's Managing Editor and ISEAS Senior Fellow, discusses the second volume of S. Rajaratnam's authorised biography, the Lion's Roar, with author and ISEAS writer-in-residence Irene Ng.
Julio S. Amador III|Deryk Baladjay
The Philippines’ outdated legal framework is unable to meet the new concerns posed by the large scale entry of Chinese technologies. The country’s institutions need to be resilient from foreign influence while accommodating investments that can bolster its digital push.
John Lee
China’s progress up the technological ladder will impact Southeast Asian economies.
Nguyen Thanh Giang|Le Hong Hiep
There is a Russian-Vietnamese plan to bring the learning of Russian back to Vietnamese schools. But the reality is that English and Chinese are the most popular languages in the country.